In 60 Celtic Queen Boudicca, of the Iceni, led a revolt against Roman rule, in part spurred by a Roman attack on an important Druid sanctuary on Anglesey. During the twenty-year period following the reversion of the frontier to Hadrian's Wall in 163/4, Rome was concerned with continental issues, primarily problems in the Danubian provinces. Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion of the empire in 391, and by the 5th century it was well established. The auxiliary castella were likewise square or oblong in shape but varied from three to six acres according to the size of the regiment and the need for stabling. [46] Ammianus mentions Valentia as well, describing its creation by Count Theodosius in 369 after the quelling of the Great Conspiracy. In addition, there was a large but uncertain number of auxiliaries, troops of the second grade, organized as infantry (cohortes) or cavalry (alae), each 500 or 1,000 strong and posted in castella (or small forts) nearer the frontiers than the legions. According to S.T. History. Worship of the Roman emperor is widely recorded, especially at military sites. With the XX Valeria Victrix legion, Agricola defeated the Caledonians in 84 at the Battle of Mons Graupius, in northern Scotland. Constantine quickly pulls together a force and crosses the English Channel to invade Gaul, leaving Britain with only a skeleton force to defend itself. Severus soon purged Albinus's sympathisers and perhaps confiscated large tracts of land in Britain as punishment. Such were nearly all Roman forts in Britain, differing little from those in other provinces. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Roman roads in Wales and northern Britain, https://www.britannica.com/place/Roman-Britain. The new frontier was reached from the south by two roads. [48]), and leading others to place Valentia beyond Hadrian's Wall, in the territory abandoned south of the Antonine Wall. [13] The Greeks referred to the Cassiterides, or "tin islands", and placed them near the west coast of Europe. Civilian and military authority would no longer be exercised by one official, with rare exceptions until the mid-5th century, when a dux/governor was appointed for Upper Egypt. The water needed for such large-scale operations was supplied by one or more aqueducts, those surviving at Dolaucothi being especially impressive. The uplands were hardly subdued completely until the end of the 2nd century. As part of Diocletian's reforms, the provinces of Roman Britain were organized as a diocese subordinate to a praetorian prefect resident with an emperor and from 318 a prefect based at Augusta Treverorum (Trier), Julius Bassus, prefect to Constantine's son Crispus. The pagan writer Zosimus tells us that in 409 the pressure of barbarian invaders obliged the British “to throw off Roman rule and live independently, no longer subject to Roman laws”. But the decade 70–80 ce was decisive. Ruins of a Roman fort on the grounds of Richborough Castle, Richborough, Kent, England. York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the chief Roman towns; there were also about fifty other smaller towns. [35][36][37] During this time, the Emperor Nero considered withdrawing Roman forces from Britain altogether.[38]. Britain was known to the Classical world; the Greeks, Phoenicians and Carthaginians traded for Cornish tin in the 4th century BC. During their occupation of Britain the Romans founded a number of important settlements, many of which still survive. We now call it the ‘Praetorium’ or Headquarters.