The section officer ensures that the notes prepared by his subordinates are factually correct. Most of the policy measures are initiated and submitted by a deputy secretary for the approval of the joint secretary or of higher officials. The Secretariat of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is headed by the Secretary General. Technically, the Indian government does not possess a permanent civil service of its own, except the Central Secretariat Service. After consultation with the state governments it was decided in 1970 to constitute a Central Administrative Pool as a reserve for manning senior administrative posts of the rank of deputy secretary and above in the Central government. He is the Chairman of the Planning Commission. If we look at the functioning of the cabinet secretariat, we shall find that actually all or majority of the policies or decisions are initiated by the cabinet secretariat. (3) Officers borrowed on tenure deputation from central services, Class I including officers serving in public industrial undertakings. However, the personnel study team of the Administrative Reforms Commission as well as the commission itself suggested the creation of a definite level of additional secretary. The SCO Secretariat, based in Beijing, is the main permanent executive body of the SCO. But the cabinet secretariat is a ministry comprising more than one department. The lower division clerk is recruited directly through a competitive examination by the Staff Services Commission since 1976. Numerous changes are taking place—both for internal and external reasons —and their collective impact falls upon society’s administration. Viewed from this perspective we can say that the success of the central administration is not satisfactory. Since he will be the head of the Cabinet secretariat nobody can cast doubt about his experience, efficiency and other qualities as an expert officer. The Party Central Committee’s Secretariat on January 5 called on the entire political system and people to tighten and follow COVID-19 prevention and control measures as the pandemic has still seen complicated developments in many countries around the world with the appearance of new and more contagious strains of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. He works as a link between the deputy secretary and the section officer under him. It is the duty of the cabinet secretariat to scrutinise all the important aspects of the draft. It is because the administrative rules do not always permit the appointment of such officers. In addition, HRD supports the development, maintenance and operation of PeopleSoft and associated reporting systems for the Central Agency Cluster, which comprises four federal organizations: the Secretariat, the Canada School of Public Service, the Department … Dr. Hadi Soleimanpour . From time to time various committees are formed for investigation and other purposes. Mr Gopalaswami Ayyangar suggested, “A secretary should not be immersed in files and burdened with routine. Direct recruitment to the level of upper division clerk is done in the promotional frame from LDCs. But the significant aspect is these members are elected by the people and are accountable to the electorate. Each functionary is assisted by a stenographer and is known as desk officer, assistants and their equivalents are known as desk attaches. But before a final policy is taken a thorough investigation is required. (6) Cabinet Secretary is the head of the civil service department. The major and crucial aspects of administration of central government should be at his fingertip. Upper Division Clerks perform functions similar to those of assistants except that they are not ordinarily required to deal with cases which are of an important nature. The Central Secretariat is a policy making body of the government and is not, to undertake work of execution, unless necessitated by the lack of official agencies to perform certain tasks. A distinct tendency to promote to successive secretarial posts in the same department is noticeable. Lal Bahadur Shastri as PM,seriously felt the necessity of experienced civil servants in respect of advice or suggestions. The strength of all India services is so fixed with reserve quota so that officers for deputation may be spared by the state and both the administrations may garner the mutual advantages of the tenure system. Moreover, the ability of a civil servant is ascertained from his annual performance appraisal and the standardisation has been unworkable because of differing norms of evaluation that prevail in the states and in the services. He assists the minister in the formulation of policies, and has the responsibility of keeping a watch over its execution. The desk officer reports to deputy secretary/director and the desk attaches sends paper to undersecretary or directly to the deputy secretary/director. This implies that a bureaucrat becomes Cabinet Secretary only at the tag end of service life. There are several posts of special secretaries for which pay is determined in each case on merit. The interpreters of our Constitution are of opinion that in practice this is the duty of the cabinet secretariat to make rules and interpret and implement them. The report said “Ordinarily there should be no grade of assistant secretary but the posts should in due course be automatically replaced by posts of under secretaries.”. They forget that rights and duties are correlative. Society has been formed by working Govt. The Financial and Accounting Regulations govern the CCNR’s spending. The policies, decisions and resolutions of all ministries are sent to the -cabinet secretariat. (3) An essential duty of the legislature is to make law. But with the passage of time even this nomenclature has changed. Short title and commencement.- Image Guidelines 5. Central Secretariat. The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961, facilitating smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments of the Government There are expert bureaucrats in the cabinet secretariat and the PM or any minister can seek the advice or suggestions of the cabinet secretariat. The major part of the burden of all these tasks, it is said, falls upon the cabinet secretariat. He represents India in internal as well as external affairs. To initiate new measures for public administration is another function. Though this body deals with correspondence and keeping of records, its functions are by nature secretive. He represents the department and prepares the answers to all questions which are raised about his department. Many large ministries like defence, external affairs, finance and home have more than one department included in their charge. Then there are officers who are put on a combination of both these duties.” An OSD is appointed normally from among the existing personnel to attend to particular work. For example, there are deputy secretary, undersecretary, assistant secretary. Any failure will lead to chaos and the entire responsibility will fall upon the Cabinet Secretary. This has resulted in the advent of persons with expertiseness. These posts were created as a result of the recommendation of the Secretariat Committee of 1919. But since the administration is a single unit there is a great necessity of coordinating the departments and this, function is performed by the cabinet secretariat. On important and critical issues of national and international standard the Prime Minister is to take advice and suggestion from persons who have wide experience. Their main function is to make policy and the civil servants help the ministers in this field. All drafts for legislation, before being placed to the respective ministers, are sent to the cabinet secretariat for its approval. In free India this post came to be known as Cabinet Secretary. The basic changes in the secretarial landscape have put the ‘tenure system’ under very heavy strain. This depart­ment supplies all the relevant data and materials necessary for making a draft outline of Plan. Hence we can say that the cabinet secretariat does not consist of any particular ministry. Plagiarism Prevention 4. “Under Shastri, the influence of the cabinet declined and that of the Prime Minister’s secretariat increased, a trend which continued under Mrs. Gandhi. The discontinuation of recruitment to this pool after 1946 and depleting of the strength caused by retirement of British officers, transfers arising out of partition and routine retire­ments necessitated a re-examination of the entire question of manning superior secretariat posts. (2) Guard file and card indices maintain detailed record of events. The failure of the administration can reasonably be traced to the wrong policy and the members of the secretariat cannot deny the responsibility. Act, 1935, it actually came into existence after 1947. The cabinet secretariat has also the power to give suggestions to initiate programmes and to work any ministry about any possible steps or policy. We do not consider this a happy state of affairs.”. Most of the cases which deal with policy matters in a ministry are submitted by the under secretary to the higher officers for consideration. If necessary the secretariat initiates new measures, changes or amends the old policies. If a ministry has more than one department, it may have more secretaries, but only one senior will represent the ministry. It tends to addition to work of the secretary; loss of initiative and consequently uneconomical utilisation of the services of the joint secretary who becomes a glorified deputy secretary, and an avoidable increase in the hierarchical stages of the secretariat personnel, with consequent delay and inefficiency.”. We use both ministry and department. In 1949 the Government of India formed a committee known as Reorganisation of Machinery of Government and this was headed by Gopalswami Ayaangar. The PM may belong to a party but he is to adjust or compromise with other partners of the coalition government and naturally the authority of the PM is not absolute. The introduction of more than one level of authority in top management has disturbed the hierarchy. But the secretariat consists of a large number of persons. The functions of the office can be carried out automatically through cases sent to office without specific directions. Naturally the ministers try to make policy to meet the demands of the electorate and keep the pledges given on the eve of election. In the structure of central administration there is a post of additional secretary. He issues instructions and certain cases are submitted to him directly. Failure to make adequate provision in this respect cannot be compensated by mere increase in the establishment under his control. If we go through the entire administrative structure we shall find that no specific duty is allotted to the additional secretary. It may mean any position at a given time depending upon ‘the nature and type of work’. The central secretariat has developed a host of conventions which have gradually been formalised and amended as per rules and recommendation of committees appointed from time to time. If the work of updating is neglected or kept aside the whole administration will suffer and people’s needs will remain unfulfilled. During British regime the departmentalisation of administration was not so wide and complex. It has also been found that the secretary sometimes requests him to share his burden of administrative work and other responsibilities. Privacy Policy 8. Avasthi, Indian Administration. The PM very often is to answer questions raised by the members of parliament and the answers to these questions are prepared by the PMO. Today even in that country the situation has changed. Naturally, this department is the initiator of all policies or decisions. Immediately after freedom Nehru was the sole person who was practically responsible for all decisions, policies and functions. Maheswari writes: The origin of Cabinet Secretariat in India may be traced to the creation of a small secretariat to service the Co­ordination Committee of the War Resources and Reconstruction of Viceroy’s Executive Council. TOS 7. (9) In a changing society no policy or principle can function permanently. In hierarchy, the post status below the joint secretary is placed above the deputy secretary. The frames of the policies or decisions are sent to the ministers for approval. (6) Other state civil service officers, in consultation with the Union Public Service Commission. It is the duty of the members of the cabinet secretariat or central secretariat to supply materials. One is —many matters or problems or issues are referred to the deputy secretary for disposal and he himself does the job. But it is the PM who takes final decisions on all these appointments. It shall perform the functions assigned to it in the Charter, in other inter-American treaties and agreements, and by the General Assembly, and shall carry out the duties entrusted to it by the General Assembly, the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, or the Councils. But SR Maheshwari, a well-known writer on Indian Administration, slightly differs. The most important role of the central administrative system and particu­larly the secretariat is to make policy or to assist the ministers in this field. secretariat definition: 1. the office or people responsible for the management of an organization, especially an…. In 1931 a government spokesman, on an important issue, made the following observation,”I want to tell the House that when we place the officers on special duty we do soon two different criteria. The PMO provides all information and other details required by the PM. (10) Considering all the above-noted functions of the secretariat of the central government, we want to say that it is this organ of public administration that updates the policies, principles as well as the approach of the whole adminis­trative system of central government. It sustains the entire super-structure which performs a ‘memory’ function important in the context of the tenure system. The term “ministry” came into vague only after independence in 1947. But in practice this difference is not strictly adhered to. It envisages level jumping and initial exami­nation of cases at more responsible levels. The senior most secretary, coordinates the work of other secretaries. In the central secretariat there are also a number of posts or ranks. The posts of assistants and section officers are filled partly by direct open recruitment and partly by promotion of upper division clerks and assistants. Imbalance of salary structures, amenities available at the capital, proximity to the centre, greater opportunities for travels abroad, better educational and career opportunities for children have proved too powerful incentives for officers to stay on in New Delhi. Many important and top bureaucrats and experienced administrators held the top most position of the PMO. 2. It is because, like PM, the ministers are political persons having no or very little experience in administration. The political change has led to the creation of two levels of government, each responsible for policy and administration. The Central Secretariat normally performs the following functions: (1) Assisting the minister in the discharge of his policy making and parliamentary functions. The secretariat is also called cabinet secretariat or central secretariat. The situation has changed in free India. General Secretariat. But the actual situation demands that very often he takes decision himself and normally his decision is not challenged because his opinion is regarded by many as wise and practical. But for the some reason it hesitated to accept committee recommen­dation, because each year spent by an officer in the secretariat weakens that contact. Because, the administration is a formal matter. The secretary is in overall charge or management of the department-or it may be called ministry. A ministry is the charge allotted to a minister which may include one or more departments, each under the charge of a secretary. It made a positive recommendation that the tenure system be rigidly enforced and “officers must go back to the parent departments or state governments as the case may be for a substantial length of time – not less than the period spent outside the department/ state before being considered for another assignment”. The team of the General Secretariat is responsible for the day-to-day management and administration of Central IFA working under the oversight of IFA's Secretary General and the Executive Board. In almost all important political and administrative issues the PM is to take decisions and this he does in accordance with the advice given by the PMO. We have now reached a stage where we can explain the origin and development of secretariat. The actual functioning of the Central Commission is defined in its Rules of Procedure. Besides Cabinet Secretariat and ‘Cabinet Secretary another important part or section of the central administration or central government is, the Secretariat. There are several branches of central administration and very important ones are budgeting, expenditure, policy-making of central administration and making drafts for legislation. The secretariat helps the ministers in their individual and collective capacity to formulate policies on all matters of state administration. The first Cabinet Secretary was appointed in 1950 and NR Pillai was the holder of this most important post. Theoretically he is primus inter pares. This was a unique post and the principles on which the post was created and its relations with the permanent secretary were kept undefined. In his letter dated 22 October 1945 Lord Wavell wrote to the Secretary of State for India, Lord Pethic Lawrence,Coats is setting up a small secretariat which may develop later into a real council secretariat capable of serving the Executive Council and its committees and also perhaps a Committee of Indian defence. There are, no doubt, number of causes of these terrorist activities but one factor is the miserable non-development of the areas in which the Maoists are very active. The central secretariat is a collection of a variety of ministries and departments. These officers were either to be permanently seconded to the pool or selected for it. In other words, the main duty of a secretary is to assist and, whatever assistance he gives, it is secret. Each department (or sub department or branch department) has a secretary. So it was that the OECS was established. The Government of India announced a Central Staffing Scheme (1957), according to which the senior positions from deputy secretary and onwards are filled through implementation in the following six categories in the central secretariat: (1) Officers of the Central Administrative Pool. So the Government of India decided to maintain the existing arrangements whereby, except in same departments, the tenure of office was kept limited to three years, but extended if need be. Posts in the secretariat are limited and aspirants drawn from various all-India and central services are too many. Similarly, officers serving m the field should possess a secretariat experience and an acquaintance with the outlook, the methods and the difficulties of the Central government. The kings in ancient India took final decisions themselves but before that they took advices from reliable persons. Today the entire administration has been computerised and the importance of typists has come down considerably. This body always keeps a watch over the functions of all departments and if there is any lapse or negligence the cabinet secretariat immediately takes action. This suits both the officer concerned and the senior. It is a common belief that both the politicians and the administrators are responsible for the inadequate development of these areas. The interposition of such officers between the secretary and his deputy has always been disliked and almost every committee has recommended either the abolition of these posts or a drastic reduction in their number. Since efficiency and experience are the chief criteria of the post of cabinet secretary, it is found that, generally, a civil servant is appointed to this post towards the end of his service life. As the Maxwell Committee opined: “It was this factor more than any other which provided both the need and the justification of a system whereby the officers were lent for short periods by the provinces to the Government of India. The Simon Commission also commended the continuance of this practice of rotation of officers between the secretariat and the field. In the Planning Commission there are experts and renowned economists. The Secretariat, one of the main organs of the UN, is organized along departmental lines, with each department or office having a distinct area of action and responsibility. The preparations of answers and, above all, the management are the collective job. At the lowest rung of the ladder stands the lower division clerk whose task is to perform purely routine duties, such as collection of previous papers, maintenance of files and registers, despatch of mail, etc. The self-evaluation is an important duty of the secretariat of central administration. He may not have absolute control over his party, but he is the supreme authority in the entire council of ministers. The post of OSD is not necessarily indicative of any status, particularly if the incumbent belongs to the middle management level. Some interpreters of India’s administrative system said that the Prime Minister’s Secretariat became extremely powerful and so powerful that important ministers holding top positions in the party structure had no say in administration and policy-making affairs. The structure of public administration at the central level has expanded several times, but its account­ability to the public has not increased —rather decreased —and this has led to the rise of corruption at all levels. A high degree of cooperation between the officer and his office is essential so that the officer may rely on his office to supply such materials as he may need to preserve continuity of administration. The secretariat is also called cabinet secretariat or central secretariat. A minister is the overall director or controller of his department. The other functions can be performed only by direction of the seniors. If the joint secretary is promoted as additional secretary then his total tenure becomes minimum five and maximum seven years. The purpose of creating a post of OSD is to serve special purpose. The tenure system dates back to the period when the country had unitary government and the Central government was a ‘Government of the Provincial Governments’. From the 1990s, at the centre, there are coalition governments and this curtails the supremacy of the PM. The justification for giving them more pay than a deputy secretary is that they are supposed to exercise a much higher degree of responsibility. It is the manner or process or method in which power is exercised for the good and most desired management of the state’s social and economic resources for balanced progress. He is vested with the maximum measure of independent functioning and responsibility in respect of the items of work falling under his wing. Some people acquainted with the central administration are of the view that it is to some extent a political appointment. Others obtain high posts. For appointment to individual ministries, the secretary’s name is approved by the Appointments Committee of the cabinet and finally assented to by the Prime Minister. Normally, a division comprises two branches, each under an undersecretary. The officers seconded to it have been freed from the operation of the tenure rule and have continued in the union government till superannuation. The office verifies facts and points out the laws and rules. The General Secretariat provides the organisation with comprehensive corporate services in the areas of IT, human resources, finance, facilities management, security and meeting services. The questions regarding civil service and administrative reforms are generally dealt with by the PM and in all these issues relevant information is furnished by the PMO. Apart from maintaining law and order the main or rather the most important task of administration has been to raise the level of social and economic progress. Since the days of Lal Bahadur Shastri the Prime Minister’s secretariat and PMO perform the task of giving suggestion and advice. Central Secretariat Service (CSS) The Central Secretariat Service Rules, 1962. Since there are expert civil servants in the cabinet secretariat the ministries or different departments generally cannot neglect the suggestions. The vastness and peculiarities of India have made her administration highly complicated. The cabinet consists of advisers to the Prime Minister and is composed of few ministers. The large and frequent interchange of personnel between the Centre and the states has increasingly tended to dry up. The word secretary is derived from the Latin word secretarius which means confidential officer. The secretaries are appointed out of a panel prepared for these posts. There are large number of similarities in two types or sets of government. Content Guidelines 2. There are two terms which are frequently used. In both cases their correct function is to relieve the secretary of a block of work and to deal direct with the member so far as that work is concerned. Since India is a federal state there are two main sets of government —one at the centre and the other at the states. Particularly in a prismatic society (India belongs to this category) changes are taking place frequently. To accommodate persons or to meet unexpected emergency needs of flexibility in administration, this post is created. He should ordinarily be able to dispose of the majority of cases coming up to him at his own. Without this principle various departments of central government cannot function properly. The top military or administrative officers had secretaries or advisers. The Secretariat consists of five bureaus: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services. It is difficult to imagine of PM without PMO. The second category of functions require the officials to examine the case and see that all matters requiring decisions are brought forward and to tabulate and summarise infor­mation, where necessary. After grooming the OSD is formally inducted into the new position. Generally an experienced and senior civil servant is appointed to head a department. The PMO assists him in the successful discharge of all the various types of duties. Planning is a very comprehensive term which includes economics, politics, administrative system and development processes. He is the chief spokesman of his government. There is a cabinet secretariat and the head or the most important person of the cabinet secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary. So important is the PM Naturally he must have a group of advisers on whom he can rely. We thus find that at the time of Indira Gandhi’s Prime Ministership the Prime Minister’s Office was created. Another is, he may be asked by the secretary to assist him in the discharge of his duties. In this Act there was a post known as the Private Secretary to the Viceroy. Report a Violation, Difference between Cabinet Secretariat and Prime Minister’s Secretariat, State Chief Secretary and Union Cabinet Secretary, Decentralisation of Indian Administration. Formerly, such secretaries were designated as the secretary-general or the principal secretary. (5) The secretariat is guided by self-control principles. So we find that the post of secretary is not new at all. (8) Normally the Cabinet Secretary is the implementing person of the decisions of the cabinet. Let us conclude this part of our analysis by saying that in our cabinet form of government the PM is the most important figure and though there are large number of ministers he is at the top of them. (5) State civil service officers whose names are included in the select list for appointment to the IAS. Both the political and permanent executives can be squarely blamed for this non-development. But the department is again divided into several parts. However, there was a further shift under Mrs. Gandhi’s leadership away from reliance upon any of the formal channels of authority in the system to dependency upon a narrow clique of personal advisers accountable only to the Prime Minister” (The Politics of India since Independence, This is the source of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). There is a qualitative change in the nature of the functions which has led to the creation of several pools like the Commerce and Finance Pool, the Central Administrative Pool and the Central Economic Pool, the Industrial Management Pool and services like the Indian Economic Service and the Indian Statistical Service. In spite of this there is a lot of importance of the PM. We think that it is the ideal procedure and, in India it is very often followed. But the post continues even after the fulfillment of requirement. This prevents induction of officers with fresh experience and officers otherwise eligible for secretariat postings remain unutilised. Though the Post of Cabinet Secretary was created in accordance with the Government of India. Deputy secretary was not to report to the director but would refer the file direct to the joint secretary. 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