primary productivity in polar oceans is quizlet

Log in Sign up. Equations. “Net primary production” Consequently, primary production provides a key ecosystem service by providing energy to the entire food web in the oceans. 71) Productivity in polar oceans is: A) light-limited. D) light and nutrient-limited. What primary productivity in polar regions actually looks like… Phytoplankton Figure 13.19a, page 421Zooplankton. Describe the effects of ice scours on benthos. 1987) (Figure 1). This is of considerable significance regionally, but still does not, of itself, imply that global phytoplankton production is underestimated at present. -Antarctic macrobenthic diversity at least 6 times as high as Arctic. zone where light does not penetrate (about 90% of the ocean), to create DNA, RNA, proteins—to keep themselves together, not biologically "useful" by all organisms, in a form that all organisms can use to make biomolecules and/ or power cells, special organisms (mostly bacteria) that convert inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen. Without the primary productivity process means there will be no food whether it is for the plants or the other living beings. Biomass is the dry weight of all the organic matter within organisms of the ecosystem. -About 5% of total Antarctic primary productivity takes place within sea ice. Because all life on Earth is directly or indirectly reliant on it. Sunlight and nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorous). Total net primary production on Earth exceeds 100 billion tons of carbon per year, and it plays a profound role in the global carbon cycle. “Gross primary production” (GPP) refers to the total rate of organic carbon production by autotrophs, while “respiration” refers to the energy-yielding oxidation of organic car-bon back to carbon dioxide. Describe an example of pelagic exchange across the Arctic. -Arctic Ocean is an almost enclosed sea surrounded by land. Will this removal be permanent? macro. ocean productivity are revealed by the following defi-nitions (Bender et al. https://quizlet.com/275652110/midterm-4-chapter-13-flash-cards what is primary productivity? Primary Productivity Primary Productivity is the production of The year is split into periods of constant night and day. Organic matter in the ocean is produced by photosynthesis (and chemosynthesis to a lesser extend) and destructed by respiration. Whats an example of a micro algae? Satellite-Based Global Ocean Primary Productivity. excess nutrients causing a bloom that uses up oxygen and creates a dead zone, a microorganism, especially bacteria, that causes fermentation/ disease, only spend part of their lives suspended in water column. Figure 13.18, page 420 D. Regional Oceanic Productivity 1. Describe how primary productivity in the polar oceans is light-limited. Primary productivity, the rate at which energy is converted to organic substances by photosynthetic producers, which obtain energy and nutrients by using sunlight, and chemosynthetic producers, which obtain chemical energy through oxidation. In this section, we will be discussing another topic that will put us on step closer to understanding our oceans just a little clearer. Why is it beneficial for benthic invertebrates to have a planktonic larval stage? During these months, the Antarctic Ocean's upwelling zone exhibits some of the Earth's highest primary productivity. 276) ____ A) photosynthetic bacteria B) phytoplankton C) dinoflagellate D) primary E) zooplankton 277) Productivity is limited by _____ in polar regions and by _____ in the low-latitude tropics. O Oxygen-limited. False What is TRUE about primary causes of ocean acidification? Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic compounds by living organisms.The main source of this energy is sunlight but a minute fraction of primary production is driven by lithotrophic organisms using the chemical energy of inorganic molecules.. B- Some whales, including blue whales, migrate long distances to feed in polar seas during the polar summer. Polar. Where is there the greatest phytoplankton bloom? How is primary productivity usually done? primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. -They are the primary competitor of krill for phytoplankton, but cannot feed on ice algae. Polar or high-latitude oceans: >60º north/south latitude The length of day really varies, so it’s sunlight (not nutrients) that limits productivity Get incredible productivity during the spring/summer on land, too A) coastal upwelling zones B) coral reefs C) equatorial upwelling zones D) mangrove swamps E) All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. The new figure is some sixteen times higher than an estimate made in 1975. Polar oceans belong to the most productive marine ecosystems. -Icebergs or pack ice scrape along benthic surface, Also known as 'sea ice factories', they are areas of open water surrounded by sea ice. This also means that the ocean food chain will be altered. Using data that have become available during the last ten years we have reestimated the annual production by phytoplankton in the arctic marine ecosystem. They are cold with a weak thermocline (temp gradient) and a weak pycnocline (density gradient). The cold water at the bottom remains unaffected by heat, while the surface is heated, creating a great difference in density, leading to stratification. Describe how productive Antarctic sea ice is. animal plankton, heterotrophic, eat phytoplankton. In polar open oceans, primary production is wildly fluctuating. Biomass within an ecosystem is determined by how much and how quickly the producers in the ecosystem are able to capture and store the chemical energy. B) nutrient-limited. Nearly all of Earth’s primary productivity is … Why is the thermocline strongest in warm weather? 42 terms. Choose from 156 different sets of productivity ocean flashcards on Quizlet. The oceans below the photic zone are a vast space, ... Primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean is largely due to photosynthesis carried out by microscopic drifting algae called phytoplankton. Iron, released through fertilization, increases photosynthesis in phytoplankton, which bury CO2 via the biological pump process. Describe the physical characteristics of the Southern Ocean, -A circumpolar ocean surrounding a large continent, -Sea ice (pack ice)- formed from saltwater- freezing onto base of pack ice. Although the Arctic is still the world’s least explored ocean, new expe-ditions are about to give us much greater knowl-edge of the mysteries of this polar frontier. D. Regional Oceanic Productivity 1. O Light And Nutrient-limited. Thanks to primary productivity, we can measure how much sugar and oxygen are produced in water sources, especially in oceans and by terrestrial plants. Primary productivity is strongly dependent upon light availability and the presence of nutrients, and thus is highly seasonal in the Arctic. -Dominant herbivore- occupy all layers of water column. What is the significance of ocean stratification in relation to primary production? Primary productivity in tropical oceans is limited by the amount of nutrients available. Strong stratification creates a strong thermocline, which disables nutrients that have sunk to the bottom to come back. Create. - In polar oceans, productivity is high year-round. Sample Day #4: Primary Productivity is lowest yet, Sample Day #3: Primary Productivity again is much lower than on Sample Day #1. “Net primary production” C) oxygen-limited. At this point, we know that there are at least three distinct biological communities in the Arctic are probably responsible, since Nitrate and Chlorophyll a levels are similar to previous days. During spring, when sunlight becomes ample and day lengths increase, a huge burst in production occurs. Describe primary productivity in the Tropical Seas, -nutrients are limited due to stratification, Describe primary productivity in the Temperate Seas, Describe primary productivity in the Polar Seas. Geographically, phytoplankton abundance generally decreases as you move from coastal to oceanic waters (Figure 7.4.1). “Gross primary production” (GPP) refers to the total rate of organic carbon production by autotrophs, while “respiration” refers to the energy-yielding oxidation of organic car-bon back to carbon dioxide. True Nutrients can be either an elements or compounds and two important ions in the Ocean are NO2-, and PO43-? https://quizlet.com/14087866/primary-productivity-flash-cards C-Primary productivity in polar seas reaches high levels during the polar summer. Because they are used immediately and usually sink when in a dead organism or as waste, -oil floats (oil is less dense than water). The total amount of biological productivity in a region or ecosystem is called the gross primary productivity. primary. Why Primary Productivity Varies Among Polar, Tropical, and Temperate Oceans We have made quite a journey through our walk through productivity in our oceans. Describe the causes of biotic disturbance in the Arctic. Log in Sign up. Primary productivity is strongly dependent upon light availability and the presence of nutrients, and thus is highly seasonal in the Arctic region. Coastal waters are more productive than the central ocean for two main reasons. After all, another importance of primary productivity in ocean is to maintain the diversity in the ocean to still exist. What are non-limiting factors in the ocean? Describe the importance of Antarctic krill. 7.4 Patterns of Primary Production Primary productivity varies both geographically and seasonally. Start studying Productivity in the Ocean. What are some problems with ocean fertilization when considering it as a means to mitigate global warming? -Diatom Neodenticula seminae (dominant primary producer in the North Pacific). Primary production is the most basic building block for energy and the basis for food webs in all environments and ecosystems. Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic compounds by living organisms.The main source of this energy is sunlight but a minute fraction of primary production is driven by lithotrophic organisms using the chemical energy of inorganic molecules.. A Brief Summary of Primary Productivity in Polar, Temperate, and Tropical Oceans. How might ocean fertilization help remove CO2 from our atmosphere? Primary producers of polar oceans Phytoplankton composed mainly by diatoms, haptophytes (coccolithophores), dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. PLAY. What is the depth of the photic zone determined by? Calculating primary productivity. All the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. Humans are the primary cause There is a phylum of bacteria that can photosynthesize? colleenmcf. Biotic disturbance is very high in the Arctic: Describe the physical characteristics of the Arctic. In this lecture you have the opportunity to explore a number of examples of how ocean productivity varies. Summarise the main biological differences between the Antarctic and Arctic. In both coastal and open-ocean regions, physical-chemical conditions dictate biological productivity and its distribution, … Productivity in the Ocean. Without plants, means there will be no primary productivity that can help to produce oxygen. This means that there is a peak in primary productivity between spring and summer and a dip during autumn and winter when productivity is light-limited. Autumn and spring, when the thermocline decays and there is a great nutrient input, and still light. 233) ____ 234) Productivity in tropical oceans is generally _____. Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is accumulated and converted through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis into organic substances. Lecture 7 – Life in the Ocean – Primary Productivity and Respiration Life determines ocean chemistry and responds to it. Describe how salps could take over from Antarctic krill at the base of the food web. Question: Question 7 1 Pts Primary Productivity In Polar Oceans Is: Nutrient-limited. Search. During these months, the Antarctic Ocean's upwelling zone … E) nutrient and oxygen-limited. Describe how the polar oceans change with depth. year, a drifting polar ice pack covers the central and western portions year-round, and sea temper-ature seldom rises above 0°C. The poles (in the summer), since there is very cold water, so no thermocline, and light. Productivity in Polar Oceans The low availability of solar energy limits photosynthetic productivity in polar areas. There is little to no sunlight, which means that for most of the year, there is no primary production taking place. In warm weather (like the tropics year round, or the summer at temperate seas). Kelp are considered _____ algae. - In polar oceans, productivity is limited by the lack of sunlight in the winter.-Polar oceans typically display a strong, permanent thermocline. Describe how primary productivity in the polar oceans is light-limited. Describe the physical characteristics of the Antarctic continental shelf. When is there a great phytoplankton bloom (in temperate seas)? STUDY. Ocean Primary Productivity. 276) Blue whales time their migration through middle latitude and polar oceans to coincide with maximum _____ productivity. Through photosynthesis (sometimes chemosynthesis), production of sugars using energy from chemicals (released in deep sea vents). D) light and nutrient-limited. Extra dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean is the primary cause b. - In polar oceans, there is incredibly high productivity in the summertime. - In polar oceans, nutrient concentrations are usually adequate and do NOT limit productivity. distribution of ocean productivity and biomass is remarkably similar to our current views based on cumulative field measurements (Berger 1989) and ocean color satellite images (Lewis 1989), with one notable exception; Sverdrup's map depicts polar primary productivity in the highest category, for example on the same scale as that A) coastal upwelling zones B) coral reefs C) equatorial upwelling zones D) mangrove swamps E) All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. This means that there is a peak in primary productivity between spring and summer and a dip during autumn and winter when productivity is light-limited. Diatoms. ocean productivity are revealed by the following defi-nitions (Bender et al. Variation in primary productivity, measured typically as the concentration of chlorophyll in water, is a primary determinant of all biological productivity up the food web and trophic pyramid. Throughout the history of earth, physical forces acting on the oceans and the chemical processes taking place therein have never been at steady state, but rather have constantly changed. Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is Low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton The sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT Plate Tectonics Many people are surprised to learn, however, that roughly half of this productivity occurs in the oceans and is conducted by microscopic plants called phytoplankton. 234) ____ 235) Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates? 31 233) Productivity in polar oceans is _____. blown in from areas that support primary production. primary production is the production of organic compounds (sugars) from atmospheric or aquatic carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis requires photosynthetic organisms, light, carbon Lesson Plan 15 Being Productive in the Arctic Ocean. silica (makes many animals' shells), CO2 & H2O, Microscopic plants that are the dominant primary producers in the ocean (do 90-96% of primary production), coastal regions, because there is so much fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorous, phytoplankton remove CO2 from the surface waters and store it in the deep ocean (they consume a lot of CO2 and bring it to the bottom with their bodies when they die). Light-limited Question 8 1 Pts Phytoplankton Can Counteract Sinking By All The Following Except: Swimming Upwards Small Cell Size. a cloud (condensed water) that touches the ground, When warm, moisture-laden air cools—>gas condenses into small liquid droplets, when deep, cold (usually nutrient-rich) water is pulled to the surface, -the net flow of a current is 90 degrees to the right of the path of the wind that drives it (Northern Hemisphere), Explain the weather in the Central Valley, -hot and humid air comes in from the Pacific, just above bottom of photic zone—light is at approx 1% of surface's intensity, organisms decompose organic matter and return phosphates and nitrates. Learn productivity ocean with free interactive flashcards. 15) Summer productivity in temperate waters typically is hampered by _____. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 71) Productivity in polar oceans is: A) light-limited. Too many "grazers" 16) Of the following statements about oceanic productivity in polar regions, which is/are true? (select all that apply) a. In the ocean, autotrophs which are responsible for primary production consist of phytoplankton, marine plants, and macroalgae since they all perform photosynthesis. It is not possible to understand the composition of seawater (or marine sediments) without understanding life processes. water with low concentration of dissolved oxygen, How zooplankton stay below photic zone during the day, migrate up at night, -CO2 becomes sugar through photosynthesis/ chemosynthesis, the upper most region of the water column where there is enough light for photosynthesis to occur. In the polar oceans, phytoplankton blooms (explosive population growth) occur during the summer months as a result of favorable light conditions which lead to short-term increased primary productivity. 1987) (Figure 1). Plants through the primary productivity actually help the environment to maintain nearly all gases in the ocean such as carbon dioxide. Why are nutrients limited at the surface? Productivity in Tropical Areas Productivity in tropical regions is limited by the lack of nutrients. Most of the primary productivity in the oceans is a result of a kelp forests b from OCEAN 320 at San Diego State University E) nutrient and oxygen-limited. plants are _____ producers. B) nutrient-limited. A- Polar ocean waters have a strong thermocline. The year is split into periods of constant night and day. A combination of ice cover and reduced PAR (perhaps it was a cloudy day!) In the polar oceans, phytoplankton blooms (explosive population growth) occur during the summer months as a result of favorable light conditions which lead to short-term increased primary productivity. C) oxygen-limited. 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